Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a direct energy deposition (DED) process that uses arc welding. It is a method of stacking beads made by melting metal wires with an arc heat source generated by a short-circuit current. Compared to other metal additive manufacturing methods. this process can be used to quickly produce large and complex-shaped metal parts. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/shampoo-citrus/